Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/11054/2317
Title: Severe hemolysis during Primaquine radical cure of Plasmodium vivax malaria: Two systematic reviews and individual patient data descriptive analyses.
Author: Yilma, D.
Groves, E.
Brito-Sousa, J.
Monteiro, W.
Chu, C.
Thriemer, K.
Commons, Robert J.
Lacerda, M.
Price, R.
Douglas, N.
Issue Date: 2023
Publication Title: American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
Volume: 109
Issue: 4
Start Page: 761
End Page: 769
Abstract: Primaquine (PQ) kills Plasmodium vivax hypnozoites but can cause severe hemolysis in patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. We conducted two systematic reviews. The first used data from clinical trials to determine the variety of definitions and frequency of hematological serious adverse events (SAEs) related to PQ treatment of vivax malaria. The second used data from prospective studies and case reports to describe the clinical presentation, management, and outcome of severe PQ-associated hemolysis necessitating hospitalization. In the first review, SAEs were reported in 70 of 249 clinical trials. There were 34 hematological SAEs among 9,824 patients with P. vivax malaria treated with PQ, nine of which necessitated hospitalization or blood transfusion. Criteria used to define SAEs were diverse. In the second review, 21 of 8,487 articles screened reported 163 patients hospitalized after PQ radical cure; 79.9% of whom (123 of 154) were prescribed PQ at ≥ 0.5 mg/kg/day. Overall, 101 patients were categorized as having probable or possible severe PQ-associated hemolysis, 96.8% of whom were G6PD deficient (< 30% activity). The first symptoms of hemolysis were reported primarily on day 2 or 3 (45.5%), and all patients were hospitalized within 7 days of PQ commencement. A total of 57.9% of patients (77 of 133) had blood transfusion. Seven patients (6.9%) with probable or possible hemolysis died. Even when G6PD testing is available, enhanced monitoring for hemolysis is warranted after PQ treatment. Clinical review within the first 5 days of treatment may facilitate early detection and management of hemolysis. More robust definitions of severe PQ-associated hemolysis are required.
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/11054/2317
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.23-0280
Internal ID Number: 02357
Health Subject: MALARIA
HAEMOLYSIS
Type: Journal Article
Article
Appears in Collections:Research Output

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